Indonesian Giant Gourami

Indonesian Giant Goramy, Osphronemus goramy, is an indigenous species in western Indonesian freshwater found only in Java, Sumatra and Borneo Islands.  The fish has been traditionally cultivating for a long time and it’s most expensive among the Indonesian freshwater fish.  There wasn’t yet any report or scientific publication on reproductive physiology aspect of the fish.  Recently, as a part of ongoing efforts to increase productivity, research on artificial breeding and other reproductive aspects have been developed.

Two main problems on artificial breeding are the difficulties on obtaining both male and female gametes synchronously and only a few sperms can be released by male.  On the other hand, there was a report on genus Osphronemus which comprises three species: Osphronemus goramy Lacepede, 1801, O. laticlavius and O. septemfasciatus (Roberts, 1992).  Two latter species apparently occur only in Borneo as wild type.  Genetically, interspecies cross-breeding can be conducted to obtain better hybrid vigor.

O. goramy broodfish and egg/larvae as background

SANGKURIANG goes to WORLD

Genetic Improvement of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Using Backcross Strategy in Indonesia 

A. Sunarma, M. A. Nurhidayat, Maskur

African catfish (Indonesian name: Dumbo catfish, Clarias gariepinus) introduced to Indonesia in 1985 and cultured by fish farmer especially in Java Island. Good performance Dumbo catfish either growth or survival rate compared to local catfish (Clarias batrachus) increased aquaculture productivity on fish farmer level. Unfortunately, massive seed production of Dumbo catfish with uncontrolled broodstock management such as inbreeding case was occurred due to decreases of seed quality. Inbreeded-Dumbo catfish can be identified on decreases of growth and survival rate and increase of fluctuating asymmetry. A study on fluctuating asymmetry showed that Inbreeded-Dumbo catfish seeds originated from some production region in Java Island have high asymmetry and abnormality (Nurhidayat, 2000).

Some of strategies could be done to improve of Dumbo catfish seed/broodstock quality such as hybridization and selection, gynogenesis, transgenic or backcross. Quality improvements on Dumbo catfish broodstock have been done at Sukabumi Freshwater Aquaculture Development Center (Sukabumi FADC) with backcross strategy. The researches including production of backcross broodstock (year 2000), progeny test of backcross broodstock and its seed (year 2001) and application of backcross broodstock production (year 2002 – 2004). The research result a new variety of catfish called SANGKURIANG catfish. SANGKURIANG catfish has better growth and reproduction characteristics than inbreeded-Dumbo catfish.

SANGKURIANG broodstock has higher fecundity 33.33% and older first gonad maturity than inbreeded-Dumbo. SANGKURIANG seed has higher growth rate 43.57% and 14.61% than inbreeded-Dumbo at 5 – 26 days and 26 – 40 days seed rearing, respectively. SANGKURIANG mature production result higher growth rate 11.36% and 16.44% than inbreeded-Dumbo at 0 – 200 gram/fish and 200 – 700 gram/fish, respectively. On marketable size production, SANGKURIANG reach Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) 0.8 – 1.0.

Presented in “World Aquaculture 2005″, World Aquaculture Society Meeting, Bali May 09-13 2005

gurame: untuk dikenal

Ikan gurame (Indonesian Goramy, Osphronemus goramy, Lac.) merupakan salah satu ikan asli perairan Indonesia.  Ikan ini dikenal dengan berbagai nama daerah, diantaranya: gurame, gurami, grameh atau kalui.  Meskipun belum ada validasi yang ilmiah, di masyarakat dikenal beberapa varietas, antara lain: porselin, soang, blue safir, batu, jepun, jalak, jali dan galunggung.